POPULATION—CIVIL AND MILITARY

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According to the census of 1880, Arizona has a population of 41,580, distributed as follows:

Pima county…	19,934
Maricopa county…	5,689
Yavapai county…	5,014
Apache county…	3,498
Pinal county…	3,040
Yuma county…	3,215
Mohave county…	1,190

This population is classified as follows:

Whites…	35,330
Mulattoes…	17
Blacks…	87
Chinese…	1,601
Indians…	4,545
Making a grand total of…	41,580

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This estimate does not include Indians on reservations and those who live in pueblos. The population of the Territory has rapidly increased during the past two years. The large emigration which the building of the Southern Pacific railroad has drawn to the southern portion of the Territory, shows no signs of slackening. The completion of the Atlantic and Pacific road through Northern Arizona will no doubt attract to that region a human tide equally as large as that which has swept over the southern country. It is not too much to expect that Arizona will double its present population within the next two years, and in three or four years from now, have the requisite number of inhabitants to entitle her to admission as a sovereign State of the Union.

The preponderance of males over females is very marked in Arizona, as in all new countries. The opening of railroads, however, will help materially to equalize this difference, and more evenly balance the sexes. What has been said of the inducements which the Territory holds out to men, will apply also to women. In none of the Western Territories is female labor better paid. Women who are not afraid to work, and are willing to cast their lot with the destinies of this young and flourishing Territory, will find many advantageous opportunities, which they can not hope for in the crowded centers of the East.

MILITARY

Arizona and Southern California constitute a separate military department, with headquarters at Fort Whipple, near Prescott, Brevet Major-General O. B. Wilcox commanding, with the following staff:

First Lieutenant H. L. Haskell, Aid-de-camp.
Second Lieutenant E. F. Wilcox, Aid-de-camp.

Department Staff

Major Samuel N. Benjamin, Assistant Adjutant-General.
Major A. K. Arnold, Acting Assistant Inspector-General.
Colonel H. C. Hodges, Chief Quartermaster.
Captain Charles P. Eagan, Commissary of Subsistence.
Surgeon A. K. Smith, Medical Director.
Major W. H. Johnson, Paymaster.
First Lieutenant Carl F. Palfrey, Engineer-Officer.

Commanders of Posts

Fort Apache, in the Sierra Blanco, is garrisoned by two companies of cavalry and two of infantry, commanded by Colonel E. A. Carr.
Fort Bowie, in Apache pass, the former stronghold of Cachise, has two companies of cavalry and is under the command of Captain C. B. McLennan.
Fort Grant, fifty miles north of Tucson, is garrisoned by two companies of cavalry and two of infantry, with Major James Biddle in command.
Camp Huachuca, south-west from Tucson and near the Sonora line, has a garrison of one company of cavalry under the command of Captain T. C. Tupper.
Fort Lowell, nine miles from Tucson, has one company of cavalry, Captain W. A. Rafferty in command.
Fort McDowell, near the junction of the Salt and the Verde rivers, has one company of cavalry and one of infantry, under the command of Captain A. R. Chaffee.
Fort Mohave, on the Colorado river, is garrisoned by one company of infantry under the command of Captain E. C. Woodruff.
Camp Thomas, on the Upper Gila, has a garrison of one company of cavalry and one of infantry, under the command of Major David Perry.
Fort Whipple, the headquarters of the department, is about one mile east of Prescott. It is garrisoned by two companies of infantry, Captain H. C. Egbert, Post Commander.

The number of troops in the department of Arizona is about 1,200, distributed over the entire Territory. No more efficient force is found on the frontier, and no portion of Uncle Sam's domain is more carefully looked after. Too much credit can not be awarded to General Wilcox, and the officers and men under his command, for the manner in which they have guarded the important interests confided to their charge; quelled all symptoms of hostility among the Indians within the Territory, prevented the incursions of hostile bands from abroad, and kept securely the long line of frontier bordering on Mexico. The people of Arizona owe to the army a debt of gratitude which can never be forgotten; their services in subduing the savage Apache, and opening this country to settlement and civilization, will ever be held in grateful remembrance, and will constitute one of the brightest pages in the history of the Territory.

CIVIL

Arizona, as one of the Territories of the Federal Union, has her leading civil officers appointed by the President. The people have the privilege of electing a delegate to Congress, who has no vote. They are also permitted to elect a Legislature every two years, who enact laws, subject to the approval of Congress. The following is a list of the Federal officers of the Territory at the present time:

Delegate in Congress, Granville H. Oury.
Governor, John C. Fremont.
Chief Justice, C. G. W. French.
Associate Justices, W. H. Stilwell, De Forest Porter.
United States District Attorney, Everett B. Pomroy.
United States Marshal, C. P. Dake.
Surveyor-General, John Wasson.
United States Depositary, C. H. Lord.
Collector of Internal Revenue, Thomas Cordis.
Collector of Customs, W. F. Scott.

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